Julia Morgan (1872–1957) was a woman of many firsts: one of the first female engineering majors at the University of California, Berkeley, the first woman to pass the entrance exam in architecture for the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts (and the school’s first female graduate), and the first licensed woman architect in California.

Eileen Gray was an Irish architect with no formal training and furniture designer who became a pioneer of the Modern Movement in architecture.